{"id":21654,"date":"2026-02-23T12:49:36","date_gmt":"2026-02-23T11:49:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fundacionnaovictoria.org\/?page_id=21654"},"modified":"2026-02-23T12:49:36","modified_gmt":"2026-02-23T11:49:36","slug":"histoire","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.fundacionnaovictoria.org\/fr\/histoire\/","title":{"rendered":"Histoire"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/4&Prime;][vc_column_text]<!-- Widget Shortcode --><div id=\"nav_menu-4\" class=\"widget widget_nav_menu widget-shortcode area-arbitrary \"><div class=\"menu-nao-victoria-fr-container\"><ul id=\"menu-nao-victoria-fr\" class=\"menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-21662\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-21662\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fundacionnaovictoria.org\/fr\/la-replique-de-la-nao-victoria\/\">La R\u00e9plique de la Nao Victoria<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-21663\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-21663\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fundacionnaovictoria.org\/fr\/histoire\/\">Histoire<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-21664\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-21664\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fundacionnaovictoria.org\/fr\/recherche-sur-la-nao-victoria\/\">Recherche sur la Nao Victoria<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-21665\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-21665\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fundacionnaovictoria.org\/fr\/photos-et-videos-de-la-nao-victoria\/\">Photos et vid\u00e9os de la Nao Victoria<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-21667\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-21667\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fundacionnaovictoria.org\/fr\/programme-de-volontariat\/\">Programme de volontariat<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-19230\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-19230\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tallshipexperience.com\/fr\/traversee\/?_sft_product_cat=nao-victoria\">Trainees<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/div><!-- \/Widget Shortcode --><\/p>\n<p>Suivez la Nao Victoria sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux :<\/p>\n<p><!-- Widget Shortcode --><div id=\"simple-social-icons-2\" class=\"widget simple-social-icons widget-shortcode area-arbitrary \"><ul class=\"alignleft\"><li class=\"ssi-facebook\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/fundacionnaovictoria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><svg role=\"img\" class=\"social-facebook\" aria-labelledby=\"social-facebook--1\"><title id=\"social-facebook--1\">Facebook<\/title><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.fundacionnaovictoria.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/simple-social-icons\/symbol-defs.svg#social-facebook\"><\/use><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li class=\"ssi-instagram\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/fundacionnaovictoria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><svg role=\"img\" class=\"social-instagram\" aria-labelledby=\"social-instagram--1\"><title id=\"social-instagram--1\">Instagram<\/title><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.fundacionnaovictoria.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/simple-social-icons\/symbol-defs.svg#social-instagram\"><\/use><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li class=\"ssi-twitter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/NaoFundacion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><svg role=\"img\" class=\"social-twitter\" aria-labelledby=\"social-twitter--1\"><title id=\"social-twitter--1\">Twitter<\/title><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.fundacionnaovictoria.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/simple-social-icons\/symbol-defs.svg#social-twitter\"><\/use><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><!-- \/Widget Shortcode -->[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb3\/4&Prime;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3>Le premier tour du monde de la Nao Victoria (1519-1522)<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6947\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fundacionnaovictoria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Imagen-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"886\" height=\"540\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fundacionnaovictoria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Imagen-1.png 886w, https:\/\/www.fundacionnaovictoria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Imagen-1-300x183.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fundacionnaovictoria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Imagen-1-768x468.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fundacionnaovictoria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Imagen-1-580x353.png 580w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 886px) 100vw, 886px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>\u00ab Comme cette navigation soit tenue pour admirable et jamais auparavant\u2026 qu\u2019il n\u2019en ait \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9e de semblable\u2026 ces dix-huit marins qui, avec cette nao, arriv\u00e8rent \u00e0 S\u00e9ville sont certes dignes d\u2019\u00eatre inscrits dans la m\u00e9moire immortelle. \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Lettre de Maximilien Transylvain, secr\u00e9taire du roi, 1522<\/p>\n<p>Le 10 ao\u00fbt 1519, cinq naos espagnoles (Santiago, San Antonio, Trinidad, Concepci\u00f3n et Victoria), avec 245 membres d\u2019\u00e9quipage, quitt\u00e8rent le port de S\u00e9ville sous le commandement d\u2019Hernando de Magellan. Elles composaient ce que l\u2019on appela l\u2019Armada des \u00c9pices qui, promue par la Couronne espagnole, avait pour objectif d\u2019ouvrir une route vers l\u2019ouest jusqu\u2019aux \u00eeles aux \u00c9pices, les Moluques, dans l\u2019actuelle Indon\u00e9sie, o\u00f9 se trouvait l\u2019un des commerces les plus lucratifs de l\u2019\u00e9poque. Pour cela, en maintenant toujours le cap vers l\u2019ouest, elles devaient trouver un passage ou d\u00e9troit reliant les deux grands oc\u00e9ans du monde, encore inconnu \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0.<\/p>\n<p>Pendant trois ans, l\u2019exp\u00e9dition traversa trois oc\u00e9ans et longea autant de continents. Elle parcourut la c\u00f4te sud-am\u00e9ricaine de l\u2019Atlantique jusqu\u2019\u00e0 d\u00e9couvrir le d\u00e9troit de Magellan, puis s\u2019engagea dans le Pacifique qu\u2019elle traversa dans toute son immensit\u00e9 durant 99 jours, reconnaissant \u00eeles et archipels, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 atteindre les Moluques. Au moment d\u2019entamer le retour, la seule survivante de l\u2019exp\u00e9dition, la Nao Victoria, navigua pendant six mois sur l\u2019oc\u00e9an Indien jusqu\u2019\u00e0 atteindre le continent africain, puis, apr\u00e8s avoir doubl\u00e9 le cap de Bonne-Esp\u00e9rance, mit le cap sur l\u2019Espagne.<\/p>\n<p>Les membres d\u2019\u00e9quipage v\u00e9curent toutes sortes d\u2019\u00e9preuves qui conduisirent beaucoup d\u2019entre eux \u00e0 perdre la vie et d\u2019autres \u00e0 tenter leur chance dans les nouvelles terres. Magellan, l\u2019initiateur du projet, ne vit pas l\u2019ach\u00e8vement de l\u2019entreprise : il mourut quelques mois auparavant, surpris par un groupe d\u2019indig\u00e8nes philippins. Il fut remplac\u00e9 comme capitaine g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l\u2019armada par Juan Sebasti\u00e1n Elcano qui, avec seulement 17 hommes, \u00e0 la limite de leurs forces, acheva le premier tour du monde \u00e0 bord du seul des cinq navires \u00e0 revenir \u00e0 S\u00e9ville le 8 septembre 1522 : la Nao Victoria..<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>\u00ab Et Votre Majest\u00e9 saura davantage ce que nous devons estimer par-dessus tout : que nous avons d\u00e9couvert et accompli le tour de toute la rotondit\u00e9 de la terre\u2026 \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Lettre de Juan Sebasti\u00e1n Elcano \u00e9crite \u00e0 bord de la nao Victoria, \u00e0 Sanl\u00facar, le 6 septembre 1522.<\/p>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fundacionnaovictoria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/mapa_diptico_frances.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-21655 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fundacionnaovictoria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/mapa_diptico_frances-1024x727.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"727\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fundacionnaovictoria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/mapa_diptico_frances-1024x727.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.fundacionnaovictoria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/mapa_diptico_frances-300x213.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fundacionnaovictoria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/mapa_diptico_frances-768x546.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.fundacionnaovictoria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/mapa_diptico_frances-1536x1091.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.fundacionnaovictoria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/mapa_diptico_frances-250x178.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.fundacionnaovictoria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/mapa_diptico_frances-580x412.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.fundacionnaovictoria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/mapa_diptico_frances.jpg 1685w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/h3>\n<h3>Destin des cinq naos de l\u2019Armada<\/h3>\n<p>Pr\u00e8s de 32 000 milles nautiques parcourus et un seul navire revenu \u00e0 S\u00e9ville : tel est le bilan final d\u2019un voyage qui dura pr\u00e8s de trois ans de navigation, au cours duquel les autres navires connurent des sorts divers :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"2746\" data-end=\"2823\"><strong data-start=\"2746\" data-end=\"2762\">Nao Victoria<\/strong> : revient \u00e0 S\u00e9ville apr\u00e8s avoir accompli le tour du monde.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2826\" data-end=\"2911\"><strong data-start=\"2826\" data-end=\"2842\">Nao Santiago<\/strong> : s\u2019\u00e9choue sur des hauts-fonds dans le r\u00edo Santa Cruz (Argentine).<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2914\" data-end=\"3029\"><strong data-start=\"2914\" data-end=\"2933\">Nao San Antonio<\/strong> : retourne \u00e0 S\u00e9ville apr\u00e8s avoir abandonn\u00e9 l\u2019escadre de Magellan dans le d\u00e9troit de Magellan.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3032\" data-end=\"3127\"><strong data-start=\"3032\" data-end=\"3050\">Nao Concepci\u00f3n<\/strong> : incendi\u00e9e par les Espagnols aux Philippines faute d\u2019hommes pour l\u2019armer.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3130\" data-end=\"3256\"><strong data-start=\"3130\" data-end=\"3146\">Nao Trinidad<\/strong> : coule aux \u00eeles Moluques (Indon\u00e9sie) en raison de son mauvais \u00e9tat apr\u00e8s avoir subi de violentes temp\u00eates.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Les 245 membres d\u2019\u00e9quipage<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Nationalit\u00e9s : <\/strong>Espagne : 166 ; Portugal : 24 ; Italie : 27 ; France : 16 ; Gr\u00e8ce : 7 ; Pays-Bas : 5 ; Allemagne : 3 ; Irlande : 3 ; Angleterre : 1 ; Malacca : 1<\/p>\n<p><strong>Origine par provinces espagnoles : <\/strong>Andalousie : 73 ; Pays basque : 30 ; Castille-et-Le\u00f3n : 12 ; Galice : 10 ; Asturies : 4 ; \u00celes Canaries : 4 ; Navarre : 3 ; Castille-La Manche : 3 ; Madrid : 2 ; Murcie : 1 ; Aragon : 1 ; Cantabrie : 1 ; Estr\u00e9madure : 1 ; La Rioja : 1 ; Valence : 1 ; Non localis\u00e9s : 19<\/p>\n<h3>R\u00e9alisations du premier tour du monde<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"3833\" data-end=\"4011\">Pour la premi\u00e8re fois dans l\u2019histoire, l\u2019homme accomplit le tour du monde. Il faudra attendre plus de 60 ans avant qu\u2019un autre navigateur, Francis Drake, ne r\u00e9p\u00e8te cet exploit.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4014\" data-end=\"4254\">D\u00e9couverte du d\u00e9troit de Magellan, passage reliant les eaux des oc\u00e9ans Atlantique et Pacifique. D\u00e9couverte des archipels du Pacifique : Tuamotu, Mariannes, Marshall, Moluques et une partie des Philippines. Travers\u00e9e compl\u00e8te du Pacifique.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4257\" data-end=\"4425\">D\u00e9couverte de la route permettant d\u2019atteindre les \u00eeles aux \u00c9pices en naviguant vers l\u2019ouest depuis l\u2019Espagne. La nao Victoria revint avec ses cales remplies d\u2019\u00e9pices.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4428\" data-end=\"4631\">D\u00e9monstration de la rotondit\u00e9 de la Terre, mise en \u00e9vidence des fuseaux horaires et collecte de milliers de donn\u00e9es nautiques et cosmographiques qui seront utilis\u00e9es par toutes les nations europ\u00e9ennes.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4634\" data-end=\"4768\">D\u00e9but d\u2019un grand courant commercial transoc\u00e9anique reliant de mani\u00e8re ininterrompue les continents europ\u00e9en, am\u00e9ricain et asiatique.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4771\" data-end=\"4908\">Pour la premi\u00e8re fois, l\u2019homme embrasse et referme le monde, prenant conscience de la dimension r\u00e9elle de la plan\u00e8te sur laquelle il vit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/4&Prime;][vc_column_text] Suivez la Nao Victoria sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux : [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb3\/4&Prime;][vc_column_text] Le premier tour du monde de la Nao Victoria (1519-1522) \u00ab Comme cette navigation soit tenue pour admirable et jamais auparavant\u2026 qu\u2019il n\u2019en ait \u00e9t\u00e9&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-21654","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Histoire - Fundaci\u00f3n Nao Victoria | Tickets El Gale\u00f3n &amp; Nao Victoria<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fundacionnaovictoria.org\/fr\/histoire\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Histoire - Fundaci\u00f3n Nao Victoria | Tickets El Gale\u00f3n &amp; Nao Victoria\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[vc_row][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/4&Prime;][vc_column_text] Suivez la Nao Victoria sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux : [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb3\/4&Prime;][vc_column_text] Le premier tour du monde de la Nao Victoria (1519-1522) \u00ab Comme cette navigation soit tenue pour admirable et jamais auparavant\u2026 qu\u2019il n\u2019en ait \u00e9t\u00e9&hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.fundacionnaovictoria.org\/fr\/histoire\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Fundaci\u00f3n Nao Victoria | Tickets El Gale\u00f3n &amp; 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